Abbreviated coma scale is also known as “AVPU”. This scale is sometimes used in the initial assessment as a primary survey of a patient especially for the patient that is critically ill.
A = alert
V = responds to vocal stimuli
P =responds to pain
U = unresaponsive
If the patient only responds to pain, it usually indicate that the patient’s GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) is less than 8.
Related topic:
Reference:
- Murray Longmore et al. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine. Seventh Edition. 2008. Oxford University Press.
- Dan Horton Szar et al. Paedtarics Crash Course. 3rd edition. 2008. Mosby Elsevier.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. In order to diagnose SLE, the patients need to have 4 or more out of 11 criterias.
1) Malar rash
2) Discoid rash
3) Photosensitivity
4) Oral ulcers
5) Arthritis
6) Serositis
7) Renal disease
- >0.5g/day proteinuria, or
- 3+ or more dipstic proteinuria, or
- Cellular casts
8) Neurologic disease
- Seizures, or
- Psychosis (without other cause)
9) Hematologic disorders
- Hemolytic anemia, or
- Leucopenia (<4000/mcL), or
- Lymphopenia (<1500/mcL), or
- Thrombocytopenia (<100 000/mcL)
10) Immunologic abnormalities
- Positive LE cell preparation, or
- Antibody to native DNA, or
- Antibody to smith, or
- False positive serologic test for Syphilis
11) Positive ANA
Source: McPhee, SJ. and Papadakis, MA. Current Medial Diagnosis & Treatment. Forty Eight Edition. New York: McGraw Hill; 2009
Other related articles:
