Health Awareness blog

Choose true/false

1) Regarding migraine
a. It is more common in men. (true/false)
b. More than half have positive family history (true/false)
c. In complicated migraine, neurologic symptom usually occur after headache has subsided (true/false)
d. Once the headache has become intense, taking ergotamine is of less benefit (true/false)
e. Tablet propanolol is effective in reducing the intesity of attack. (true/false)

2) Regarding hepatic encephalopathy
a. Elevated serum ammonia level is highly suggestive of the diagosis (true/false)
b. Seizure is frequently present (true/false)
c. It has a characteristic pattern of electroencephalogram (true/false)
d. Protein should be excluded in the diet during the acute stage. (true/false)
e. syrup lactulose is contraindicated in the maagemet of chronic encephalopathy. (true/false)

3) In the managemet of dyslipidaemia
a. High intake of soy protein should be discouraged. (true/false)
b. Moderate alcohol consumption (not more than 14 units for males and 7 units for females per week) results in reduction in all cause mortality. (true/false)
c. Statin is contraindicated during lactation. (true/false)
d. Serum alanine aminotransferase should be monitored in patients treated fibrates. (true/false)
e. The dose of statin should be reduced in patients with renal failure. (true/false)

4) A true statement about the diagnosis of urinary tract infections include
a. Fever is indicates pyelonephritis. (true/false)
b. In a patient suggestive of UTI, the presence of a vaginal discharge reduced the possibility of the diagosis of UTI. (true/false)
c. Having a positive nitrite dipstick test is a very sensitive test for UTI. (true/false)
d. Back pain is a specific symptom associated with upper tract infection. (true/false)
e. Negative leucocyte esterase test make the diagnosis unlikely. (true/false)

5) Drug/s that cause delirium
a. Bezodiazepine (true/false)
b. Cephalosporine (true/false)
c. Opioids (true/false)
d. antihistamines (true/false)
e. digoxin (true/false)

For answers, click here.

Nausea and vomiting is a common symptoms of various medical conditions. It may be cause by problems in the digestive tract or from the sensory sistem in the brain. It also may be caused by infection, chemotherapy drug, or even induced by pregnancy. Vomiting alone has a long list of differential diagnosis and makes it worth to get even a little knowledge about it.

Antiemetic is a type of drug that is use to prevent and to treat nausea and vomiting. This agent acts by inhibiting the receptor sites associated with vomiting (emesis). Typically, it is used to treat motion sickness and the side-effects of some opioid analgesics and chemotherapy directed against cancer.

Anti-emetic medications

 As a contrary, emetic agent is use to induce vomiting. It maybe take orally or administered by injection. A common use emetic is ipecac syrup. An emetic is used medically where a substance has been ingested and must be expelled from the body immediately before it is absorbed into the body. However, it is important to remember that ipecac abuse can lead to detrimental health effects.

Reference:

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomiting
2. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties. 5th edition. 2001.
3. Progress in Obstetric and Gynaecology. Churchill Livingston. Volume 17. 2006.